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RESEARCH ARTICLE                      BIOSCIENCE RESEARCH, 2026 23(2): 44-54.                     OPEN ACCESS

Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency among Children Aged 0-14 Years in Lahore and Rawalpindi Pakistan

Muhammad Siddiq Akbar^1* , Nouman Ali² , and Annus Rasool³

¹ Department of Medical laboratory technology. Mir chakar khan rind university of technology Dera ghazi khan Pakistan

 ² Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, the University of Lahore, Lahore Pakistan

³ The Aga Khan University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Karachi, Pakistan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.65970/br.2026.145

ABSTRACT

Vitamin D isn't merely a vital portion of a nutritious diet but also acknowledged as the hormone benefited from sun. It takes responsibility as the intake of phosphorus and calcium also helps to support making bones and teeth stronger. The term deficit of Vitamin D means that a person does not have sufficient vitamin D in body. It mostly causes problems with bones and physique. Vitamin D deficiency can cause bones disorder, like rickets and osteomalacia also responsible for different metabolic syndromes, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and heart diseases. A 42 percent of Americans have lack of vitamin D, and 15 percent of children between the ages of 1 and 11 are thought to be deficit in vitamin D. Additionally, researchers found that 32 young adults and 17 adolescents both had vitamin D deficiencies. The ambition of this study is to evaluate correlation of Vitamin D deficit among both genders of children, how Vitamin D deficiency is associated to different age groups of children from 0-14 years and to evaluate connection of Vitamin D deficiency with youngsters from different regions of Pakistan such as Rawalpindi and Lahore. The data in the form of reports was collected from the respective laboratories and then analyzed on the SPSS 22.0 to assess the relationship of Vitamin D deficit with children of different age groups belonging to different regions. A total of 1000 volunteers from various regions of Pakistan, aged 0 to 14, participated in the 01-year research on vitamin D deficiency. Our data demonstrate that 517 subjects were male out of 1000, and 483 were female also we found out that 43% of children were vitamin D deficit (<25 nmol/L), and out of 1000 participants 35.8% were inadequate to vitamin D (25-55 nmol/L). Only 15.9% of children observed as Vitamin D sufficient (55-100 nmol/L). We also noticed that kids aged 0 to 4 lacked vitamin D (22.2 %). The research demonstrated the deficit and inadequacy of Vitamin D in youngsters and teen-agers pose serious health complications in the pediatric population of Pakistan. The distribution of deficiencies was the same despite their age or gender. This form of vitamin D inadequacy in males most probably caused by various reasons, including low early-life consumption of vitamin D supplements.

Keywords: rickets, osteomalacia, metabolic syndromes, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, heart diseases, chemiluminescence, public awareness campaigns